Unit 2 - Future
Future
Unit 2 - Future
Chris: Tomorrow I will start my new job. Tammy: Will you receive a higher pay than your last job? Chris: My boss will tell me more details tomorrow. Tammy: Will I see you during your lunch break? Chris: My coworkers and I will work until 1:00 pm. Tammy: I see. So, I will not see you on your lunch break. Chris: I will be busy. I'm sorry.
Future - Will/Shall
Will is a
modal verb used to indicate future time. For
example:
- It will be sunny tomorrow.
- The new restaurant will open next week.
Will comes
after the subject and before the main verb,
and in questions the subject and will
invert. Will often contracts to 'll,
for example he'll, they'll,
and in negatives will not often
contracts to won't.
|
Affirmative He will
/ He'll stay at home tomorrow. Negative I will not
/ won't stay at home tomorrow. |
Question Will
he stay at home tomorrwo? |
Usage
Will is used
for future predictions and facts. For example:
- We'll finish it by tonight.
- We have a lot of time. We won't be late.
- "Where will you go next year?" "I'll
go to America."
Will is also
used to make a spontaneous response. For example:
Offer: - "The telephone's ringing."
"I'll answer it."
Promise: - "I'll never leave you"
- "I'll give it to you tomorrow morning."
Request: - "Will you wait for me this evening?"
Will for requests is quite strong and often
used when the expected answer is "Yes".
Otherwise can is more polite: "Can
you wait for me this evening?"
Threat: - "You'll be sorry!"
Order: - "You will not eat my chocolate-chip
cookies!"
Shall
Shall is used
with only I and we to make questions.
For example:
"Shall I open the window?"
It can also be used
to make statements, but this is formal and old-fashioned.
"We shall arrive at 6.00."
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Grammar Exercises
Complete the questions using will or
shall.
Note: Shall is generally used in American
English with I and we to make offers and suggestions.
1. _____ I be able to see my house from the
plane?
a) Will
b) Shall
2. _____ I carry that suitcase for you? It
looks heavy!
a) Will
b) Shall
3. _____ we have enough money to support
ourselves?
a) Will
b) Shall
4. _____ Liz and Carol have Christmas dinner
with their parents?
a) Will
b) Shall
5. _____ we call it a day and continue working
on the project tomorrow?
a) Will
b) Shall
6. _____ I have any problems accessing my
account information over the Internet?
a) Will
b) Shall
7. _____ Mr. Smith be here soon? I need to
talk to him about the Peterson contract.
a) Will
b) Shall
8. _____ we just tell Ms. Johnson the truth?
Someone is bound to tell her if we don’t.
a) Will
b) Shall
9. _____ I get you something warm to drink,
like a cup of tea or a bowl of chicken soup?
a) Will
b) Shall
10. _____ we need to buy any additional software
if we link our server with other servers on
the Internet?
a) Will
b) Shall
Answers
"a", "b", "a", "a", "b", "a", "a", "b", "b", "a"
Glenda: I'm going to sell my car this weekend. Will: Why are you going to do that? Glenda: It is going to break soon and I don't want to fix it. Will: Are you going to buy a new car? Glenda: Samantha and I are going to look at new cars next week. Will: The people at Rick's Cars are going to have a sale next month. Glenda: My friend Ryan is going to shop at Rick's Cars. I'm going to go with him. Will: Good idea.
Future - Going to
Going to
is used to show a future intention. For example:
- I'm going to go on vacation next summer.
- We're going to start our own business.
Going to
future sentences are made as follows:
Subject - verb "to be" - going to
- infinitive verb. For example: They are going
to have dinner.
Usage
Going to
is used for future plans. For example:
- I'm going to see my friends this evening.
- He's going to write a book.
- What are you going to do?
Going to is
also used to make a prediction based on present
evidence. For example:
- He's going to fall over! (I can see he's in
danger now.)
- She's going to win. (I can see she's winning
now.)
Will and going
to are both used for predictions and sometimes
there is little difference in meaning. Compare:
- It will be sunny this afternoon. (A general
prediction)
- It's going to be sunny this afternoon. (because
it's getting warmer now)
Going to with
the Past Simple of "to be" is often
used for an intention or plan that wasn't actually
done. For example:
- I was going to meet my friends but I didn't
have time.
- We were going to take a vacation but it was
too expensive.
Going to is
often contracted to gonna in spoken English.
For example:
- "I'm gonna buy a new computer."
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Grammar Exercises
Unscramble these
sentences and questions.
Note: Don't use contractions,
and remember to add question marks and periods.
Example: going ask I to am Sue.
----------
1. Charles see to going are We.
2. going Beth you Are to meet?
3. New York
fly to I to am going.
4. the United States going Is visit Ian to?
5. Mary is Ronald going secret to his tell.
6. herself
to car a Mom going new buy is.
7. Don baseball
play going with they to Are?
8. Tom and
Veronica get married are to going
9. John
Belushi going Is to visit Chicago?
10. Jack
going Sherri and Ann lunch eat to are with.
----------
Answers
1. = "We are going to see Charles.";2. = "Are you going to meet Beth?";
3. = "I am going to fly to New York.";
4. = "Is Ian going to visit the United States?";
5. = "Ronald is going to tell Mary his secret.";
6. = "Mom is going to buy herself a new car.";
7. = "Are they going to play baseball with Don?";
8. = "Tom and Veronica are going to get married.";
9. = "Is John Belushi going to visit Chicago?";
10. = "Sherri and Ann are going to eat lunch with Jack.";
Gary: The movie theatre opens tonight at 9:00 pm. Do you want to go? Erin: What time does the movie start? Gary: The movie is starting at 10:00 pm but the theatre opens earlier than that. Erin: There is also a concert tonight. It starts at 8:30 pm. Gary: We are going to go to the concert first, then the movie. Erin: My mom arrives at 8:00 pm, so after she arrives, we can go. Gary: Sounds good!
Future - Present Simple and Continuous
The Present Continuous
is used for future arrangements. For example:
- I'm playing tennis with John tomorrow.
The Present Simple is used for scheduled events
in the future. For example:
- He has a doctor's appointment tomorrow. (It's
part of his schedule)
Present Continuous
The Present Continuous
is used for future arrangements. For example:
- I'm going to see my friends this evening.
- He's going to write a book.
- What are you going to do?
The use of the Present Continuous often stresses
the involvement of other people in these arrangements.
Compare the future
with going to, the Present Continuous
and will:
- I'm going to visit my family this summer.
- A future plan
- I'm meeting my family at 6.00. - A fixed arrangement
involving other people.
Fixed arrangements can also use going to,
but the Present Continuous is more common.
- I'll meet my family tomorrow. - Will is usually
not used with arrangements and this sounds unusual.
Present Simple
The Present Simple
is used for events that are part of a timetable
or schedule. While the events are in the future,
their existence is already established in the
present so we use the Present Simple. For example:
- The train arrives at 8.00 this evening.
- There's a good concert on next week.
Compare the difference between the factual Present
Simple, and the more personal Present Continuous:
- We're having a party this weekend.
- The party starts at 6.00.
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Grammar Exercises
Complete the sentences using the present simple
or the present continuous.
Note: The present simple refers to timetables,
schedules, and events; the present continuous
refers to future plans and arrangements.
Example: I _____ Sally out for dinner tonight..
a) am taking
b) take - Answer a) is correct.
----------
1. The 3 pm train _____ by 4:30 pm.
a) returns
b) is returning
2. The girls and I _____ out tonight.
a) go
b) are going
3. At 8 am, we _____ on the excursion to
Oahu.
a) leave
b) are leaving
4. The return train _____ one hour after
the race.
a) departs
b) is departing
5. We _____ each other sometime in the future.
a) see
b) are seeing
6. The office _____ a going-away party for
me.
a) throws
b) is throwing
7. They _____ a very small wedding on the
beach.
a) have
b) are having
8. Thanksgiving _____ on the 25th of November
this year.
a) falls
b) is falling
9. Eating sandwiches every day is boring,
so I _____ out today.
a) eat
b) am eating
10. Mr. President, you _____ the UN Assembly
at noon on July 10th.
a) address
b) are addressing
Answers
"a", "b", "a", "a", "b", "b", "b", "a", "b", "a"